Background: The importance of the problem is determined by clinical features, difficulties in timely diagnostics, a low efficiency of the traditional methods of treatment, inadequate and, sometimes, unreasonable surgical interventions followed by the development of postoperative complications, leading to the deterioration of the reproductive health of women, their invalidization or death. Material and methods: The article presents the results of the retrospective study of 106142 patients with emergency gynecological diseases who were hospitalized and received an inpatient and/or surgical treatment in gynecological departments of health care institutions of the Republic of Moldova in the period of 2007-2011. Results: In the structure of the emergency gynecological pathologies in the Republic of Moldova intra-abdominal hemorrhages (36.48%) predominated during this five-year period, followed by a dysfunctional uterine bleeding (25.38%), a pelvic inflammatory disease (19.01%) and trophic disorders of the internal genitalia (13.32%). The results of the study have showed a high rate of late coming to the doctors of the patients with gynecologic pathologies in advanced stages. Conclusions: To improve a surgical gynecological care the urgent measures should be taken to adapt it to the conditions of the market economy, to modernize and reform the gynecological service within the national health insurance system, including a wide implementation into medical practice of modern methods of diagnosis and treatment, especially, a mini-invasive surgery, and to increase the level of qualification of professionals in the field, which will allow to reduce the length of hospitalization and rehabilitation, the cost of treatment and to increase the patients’ life quality.