In this article are investigated benefits and costs of the Republic of Moldova for accession to the European Union. Moldova’s integration to the EU would favour the creation of a range of State benefits, among which we could mention as being the most important: participation in the processes of political, economic, social and cultural institutions, both in the European area and worldwide. For any State, joining the EU means reinforcing democracy, full participation in the European Community institutions, economic development, improving living standards, a wide range of opportunities for development and modernization of the State, increasing foreign direct investment, access to the European labor market, security and protection. At the same time there are lots of costs which Republic of Moldova has to surpass. A series of political transformations, economic, social and cultural right should take place at all levels of society. Costs of accession are largely inevitable change costs to come out of the crisis caused by the collapse of the centralized economy.