Background: Although present in the imaging world for a good few decades, nuclear medicine as an imaging modality is still gaining popularity. Many indications and uses of the specific investigations are still largely unknown to both the clinical specialties and the radiology community. The presentation aims to bridge the communication gap between everyday clinical work and nuclear medicine by succinctly reviewing the most important types of nuclear medicine modalities. Content: The presentation reviews the indications, principles and role in diagnosis and treatment of the following modalities: scintigraphy with its mostly used investigation types (renal, thyroid, parathyroid, myocardial, pulmonary, bone scan, and sentinel node), PET-CT with its most widely used indications and radionuclide therapy modalities with alpha and beta emitters. Whenever possible, case illustration is provided from the digital library of Neolife Iaşi. Conclusions: Nuclear medicine plays a valuable role for many clinical specialties as it provides tools for enacting positive and differential diagnosis, ensures treatment by itself and monitors therapy efficiency in many different pathological conditions.