This article presents the analysis and synthesis of pedological research results on the soils of the Cubolta watershed. The history of soil research in the Prut-Dniester region dates back to 1868, and the soils of the Cubolta watershed have been elucidated on soil maps numerous times up to the present day. The pedogeographical conditions in this territory have contributed to the formation of a very rich soil cover over time. From the analyzed bibliographic sources and the results of pedological research, it is concluded that the land surface comprises taxonomic units from all five soil classes and consists of 24 soil varieties, of which 63.4% are chernozems. Analysis of the bibliographic data confirms the destructive processes affecting the soils in the studied area, including erosion, landslides, dehumification, salinization, and solonization. Soil degradation in the watershed is a consequence of their incorporation into agricultural practices without the use of appropriate agricultural machinery and land protection methods and land improvement.