Introduction. The prevalence and incidence of urolithiasis vary among different countries and races and between the sexes. The lifetime incidence of urolithiasis in Middle Eastern and Western countries is 25% and 10%, respectively. However, the recurrence rates are high, reaching 50% worldwide. Material and methods. The study was performed in the clinic of Urology and Surgical Nephrology of ”Nicolae Testimițanu” State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, ”Timofei Moșneaga” Republican Clinical Hospital between January 1, 2016-2022. 120 kidney stones were analyzed; the researched material was sent to the Institute of Chemistry. The Spectrum 100 FT-IR Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (PerkinElmer, USA) was used to determine the composition of urinary stones. Results. The most common were calcium oxalate calculi (total –54(45%); whewellite –45(37,5%); weddellite – 9(7,5%)), followed in frequency by uric acid (19,15,83%). Phosphate calculi were identified in 14(11,67%) cases, and contained: calcium phosphate –9(7,5%), struvite –4(3,33%), brushite – 1(0,83%) cases. Calculi of cysteine were 3(2,5%). In 30(25%) cases were identified stones of mixed composition. Conclusions. Calcium oxalate, uric acid and mixed uric acid and calcium oxalate calculi are the main types in Moldova. The analysis of kidney stone structure provides additional details that are crucial links to the pathogenesis. Such data would help in providing precise treatment and efficient metaphylaxis.