Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (EPHI) represents a major health problem worldwide due to the significant economic-social impact for many countries in the world, even the Republic of Moldova. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates globally between 4 and 9 million newborns suffer from birth asphyxia leading to 1.2 million deaths and an estimated number of infants with severe developmental disorders such as epilepsy, cerebral palsy. The standard effective treatment used in EPHI is therapeutic hypothermia which improves the survival and long-term prognosis of children. Therapeutic hypothermia is initiated in the first 6 hours after birth, being the therapeutic window in the hypoxicischemic event. The therapy is maintained for 72 hours, with strict control of the body temperature of the newborn. Hypothermia has been shown to be effective in reducing neurological disorders, especially in neonates with moderate or severe EPHI with improved long-term prognosis. Randomized trials have shown that the use of therapeutic hypothermia decreased mortality and improved neurodevelopmental prognosis in children. Conclusion. Therapeutic hypothermia suggestively reduces the morbidity and mortality of newborns with EPHI. Many of those who survive remain with neurological sequelae of varying degrees at the follow-up monitoring program, which demonstrates the necessity of associating neuroprotective mechanisms in dynamics.