The legal regulation of the process ensuring the national security is also a concern for experts in the field of legal science. The normative assurance of certain processes specific to the desired security assurance are of maximum importance both at the national and international level. Political security is one of the five segments of national security conventionally established by the specialists of the Copenhagen School. In this article, we will analyze the concepts of national security, political security, the socio-political situation and the legal mechanisms and instruments to ensure the process of preventing and combating the negative effects caused by the risks and threats that can negatively affect the effective implementation of political security as a component of the national security of the Republic of Moldova.