It is shown, that the structure of the arising self-images is connected both with the presence of local cross nonuniformities of a field within the limits of one space period of structure, and with nonlocalized influence on field of all aperture of an object or optical system. The phenomenon of a self-imaging of the images of periodic object (Talbot effect) in essentially nonparaxial area of a diffraction is experimentally investigated. Transformations of periodic fields of an optical range for optical processing of the two-dimensional images are offered and investigated. It is shown, that a choice of various geometry of the optical scheme for synthesis of the periodic object images in the nonzero diffraction orders, permits to execute the two-dimensional image transformation to one-dimensional and on the contrary. Method of formation of the periodic objects images in nonzero diffraction orders is offered and investigated, which can form the basis for systems of images multiplication.