Introduction. The human gut hosts an impressive number of microorganisms (more than 1014) with four bacterial phyla being predominant: Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria. Gut microbiota metabolizes dietary components and drugs generating a wide array of metabolites which significantly impact the health condition of the host. Chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, obesity, type 2 diabetes are known to be associated with alterations in the gut microbiota. Material and methods. A literature review was conducted using various keywords (gut microbiota, gut microbiota remodeling, dysbiosis, microbiota related diseases, phytochemicals) and databases such as Science Direct, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scopus, and PubMed. Results. Numerous phytochemicals (resveratrol, curcumin, quercetin, catechins, berberine, polysaccharides) were found to modulate the gut microbiota thus attenuating biomarkers of various diseases/ disorders. Conclusions. The gut microbiota modulating effects of phytochemicals need more investigations for an appropriate valorisation as adjuvant therapy in the diseases associated with gut dysbiosis.