Introduction. HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is a virus that attacks cells in the human body that fight infection, making a person more susceptible to disease. HIV infection within the first six months of entering the body is called primary infection. This period, immediately after the initial infection, is associated with a number of virological and immunological events, which have been shown to influence the long-term course of untreated infection, including the severity and rate of disease progression. Material and methods. Epidemiological data from the Public Medical-Sanitary Institution Dermatology and Communicable Diseases Hospital of patients with primary HIV diagnosis during the period 20182022. Results. The analysis established that from 2018 to the end of 2022, 4227 new patients with an average age of 37.9 years were detected. Of the total number -2474 are male and 1753 are female. According to place of residence, rural areas prevail with 2200 new cases and urban areas with 2027 new cases. Conclusions. This study confirms that HIV disease remains a public health challenge and further demonstrates the pathway strategies designed to irradiate infection. Ensuring access to information, training, prophylaxis and prevention materials would be a solution to minimize the spread of the disease among the population.