Introduction. Neural tube defects are the most serious and frequent anomalies of the central nervous system, thus occupying an important place in pediatric neurosurgical pathology. Myelomeningocele (spina bifida cystica) is a protrusion of the intraspinal contents (meninges, nervous tissue) through a closing defect of the posterior vertebral arch, showing an incidence of 1-4 cases per 1000 newborns. Methods and material. The study is based on the surgical treatment outcomes of 61 children aged from newborns to 3 years old, diagnosed with meningomyelocele (MM) and admitted to "Natalia Gheorghiu" Pediatric Surgery Center of PMHI Mother and Child Institute between 2016 and 2022. MMs were determined and classified based on their localization, the most common being the lumbar MM 45 patients (73.7%), followed by thoracic 9 patients (14.7%), lumbosacral 6 patients (9.8%) and cervical localizations 1 patient (1.6%). Out of the total number of MMs, 42 (68.8%) weren’t associated anomalies and 19 (31.1%) were hydrocephalus-associated ones. Results. The patients under study underwent the following procedures: myelomeningocele repair in 42 (68.8%), myelomeningocele repair and insertion of the ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) in 14 (22.9%), and insertion of the ventriculoperitoneal shunt in 5 (8.1%) patients. Postoperative mortality made up 11% (7 deaths). Following an overall assessment, it revealed that the main cause of high mortality rate were the concomitant conditions, especially those associated with bacterial infections, the TORCH infections being the most common ones due to maternal transmission and negative impact on the prognosis. Conclusion. Satisfactory treatment outcomes were directly related to the antenatal diagnosis of congenital malformations, interdisciplinary collaboration, proper pregnancy and childbirth management, as well as specialized surgical assistance provided in optimal terms.