Introduction. The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction is a multifaceted and interdisciplinary problem that must be solved by doctors from various fields: dentist, neurologist, psychotherapist and others. TMJ disorder is the pathology of the stomatognathic system that is encountered more and more often every year, because the etiology is different and the pathogenesis is not well investigated. Aim of study. To analyze the existing literature research and to identify the clinical relevance of temporomandibular joint diseases. Methods and material. A comprehensive review of the literature was done through Medline and PubMed database for research articles with keywords „ temporo-mandibular joint”, „Costen syndrome”, „dysfunction”. The bibliography of the selected articles was studied in order to find other articles and books relevant to the topic and purpose. Results. As a result of processing the information and examining the titles of the found articles, 112 articles were found suitable for the topic and subject of the given review. TMJ dysfunction can be caused by different reasons. The dentist must consciously examine patients with TMJ disorders, drawing special attention to the collection of anamnesis. Conclusions. TMJ dysfunction is a topic that does not lose its relevance, because it is still a problem to identify the causes of pathologies of the TMJ and their treatment. TMJ pathology can be caused by various factors, the identification of this problem should be approached with all seriousness, taking into account all diagnostic methods and a highquality anamnesis taken from the patient.