The present paper describes the results of researches in the size effects (classical and quantum ones) in single-crystal bismuth nanowires of strictly cylindrical form in a glass isolation, obtained by liquid phase casting with a minimum diameter of 45 nm. The results of the complex study of temperature and thickness dependences of the resistance, thermopower, longitudinal (LMR) and transverse (TMR) magnetoresistance in magnetic fields up to 14 T, in the temperature range 1.5-300 K and under the influence of anisotropic elastic deformation are discussed. A number of new effects in Bi nanowires observed for the first time, such as semiconductor type of conductivity, thermopower sign inversion, and formation of a maximum in the positive range, depending on the wire diameter d; disappearance of ShdH oscillations at d < 80 nm; presence of negative magnetoresistance in the perpendicular magnetic field (H _I) are interpreted in terms of manifestation of the quantum size effect with regard for theoretical justification.