The article reveals the features of the formation and functioning of the diaspora of immigrants from Bessarabia and Moldavia in Palestine and the State of Israel (late XIX–XX centuries). The author traces the deep historical, ethnocultural and spiritual ties that have developed among Jewish immigrants with the country of exodus. The names of the Bessarabian pioneers – the founders of agricultural cooperatives (kibbutzes) and the settlements that made a significant contribution to the development of desert and wetlands, their afforestation and watering, as well as economic prosperity are given. It emphasizes the active participation of immigrants from Moldova in the socio-political life of the country, in the development of culture, science, art, and in strengthening various industries, high technologies and services. The author analyzes the main forms, methods and directions of the activities of the Moldovan compatriots operating in major cities of Israel and the organizations coordinating their work (World Federation of Bessarabian Jews, House of Bessarabian Jews, Union of Moldovans “Izvorash”). Their close cooperation with the Embassy of the Republic of Moldova in Israel is underlined.