In a society of knowledge, like the contemporary developed societies, the school as a social institution invested with the role to promote knowledge and values has a fundamental position. In this context the measure of a society’s development may be emphasized not only by the economic and financial indicators, but also by those related to education, indicators related to the way knowledge and learning are organized, to the types of performance expected, to the quality of educational activity, and to the ways that is supported by economic and financial policies. The development of modern societies and education became dependent on the human assets in a proportion concurrent to the economical and financial assets. The study of this present social conditions have to face allows for the delimitation of the larger context in which Romanian educational system have to operate, and proves why staying put or going back to a mythical past are no longer viable options. In our times, education development means to face the new social and economic–financial requirements and pressure and to improve the activity and performances by adopting some convenient general structural changes.