Swimming is an individual sport, technically characterized by a cyclical action of movements, an intense psychic participation and cumulative morpho-functional and motor efforts. Along the years, from one edition of the Olympic Games to the next, swimming has had constantly increasing results. This development has resulted from the permanent renewal of performance, by 40-50% per annum, both at the national and world level. Also, the increase in the number of competitors in international contests has led to an increase in swimming performance. Any strategy towards success is based on correct, well-argued and viable principles. It needs to be stated that, in view of creating a climate for great performance, the senior elite group is available only for those who are determined to accept a program for improving their training. Each member of this group is required to work towards improvement, whether it is about techniques, intensity or any other component of training. The aim of the training programs is to produce metabolic, physiologic and psychological adaptations which will allow the swimmers to swim better. In fact, these adaptations are changes which result from the body’s response to training. The planning of the training in a macrocycle has been methodologically and scientifically approached by a large number of experts, practitioners and theoreticians, who have presented thorough studies on the performance objectives, means and methods employed, the volume and intensity of the efforts applied in the training of the swimmers at this performance level.