At the base of the Universe is the atom. Although some atoms can exist independently, most atoms combine with other atoms to form molecules. It seems complicated, but atoms and molecules are part of our daily life through the multitude of substances around us. Almost all solids are made up of crystals. These crystals can have various shapes such as: cubes, columns, pyramids, etc. Minerals are natural crystals found in nature and should not be confused with man-made crystals. In all minerals, the atoms are arranged regularly in a crystalline network that cannot be observed with the naked eye, nor with a magnifying glass, nor with a simple microscope, but only with the help of Roentgen rays, Each mineral has a typical shape, determined by its internal structure, the crystal lattice Even if they have different shapes, the crystals of the same substance have the same basic structure. Mineral colors range from transparent to black and are a way to identify them precisely based on their colors. Minerals can reflect light and have a wide range of light refractive index values.