As the authority of the new Hungarian kingdom strengthened in the conquered territories, new counties were established. Thus, in 1111, Saul, count of Bihor, was recorded, and in 1164, Janos, count of Crasna, was documented. The county of Crasna, separated from the county of Bihor, had its center in the fortress of Crasna. In 1166, Fuc, count of Solnoc, is mentioned. Solnocul de Mijloc emerged from this county, almost as large as a province, and was first recorded in 1324, when the documents mentioned a Martin, count of Scylag (Sălaj), with the center at Zylah (Zalău). In these new political realities, the documents issued by the Chancellery of the Kingdom of Hungary, or by other issuing institutions, recorded a number of 30 settlements in Crasna County. Apart from these, there were 7 localities attested for the first time in the 13th century that later disappeared. In Solnocul de Mijloc county, for the same century, 32 villages are documented, which continued to exist in the following centuries. In the 12th-13th centuries, the monasteries were also documented: St. Margaret of Meseş (1160), built before the Tatar invasion, and monasteries in Zăuan, Almaş, Uileacu Şimleului, and Acîş, where there was a Benedictine monastery. The monastery of Meseș collected salt, its warehouses containing a fifth of the salt that was to pass through the Meseșan Gate. The locality was first mentioned under the toponym of Valcău, on January 21, 1249, as terra Walko, Wolko in a diploma issued by the chancellery of the Hungarian king Béla IV for Paul, royal county and count of Zala. Before 1249, because until the 14th century we only had one village mentioned with this name, the village of Valcău most likely belonged to the royal castle of Crasna. In the document of 1249, several domains from the counties of Bihor and Solnoc were recorded, conferred by the sovereign to the royal judge Paul, as well as the domains of Zăuan and Nușfalău, located near the domain of Valcău, in the county of Crasna. In the 14th century, the Valcău fortress ruled the entire southern region of Crasna county and defended this area from potential attackers. Written documents referring to Valcău are few compared to those referring to other domains in Transylvania. Precisely for this reason, our analysis of the preserved official documents will be carried out with great precision, highlighting the general elements, but also the details, in order to capture as much as possible of the medieval realities in Valcău and the neighboring settlements. From the 14th century, the fortress and domain of Valcău appear more and more often recorded in the documents of the time. In the context of the efforts made by Charles Robert of the Anjou dynasty to impose his authority in the kingdom, Castrum Volko is also recorded, in 1319. On this occasion, Carol Robert rewards the magister Desideriu Elewanth, the castellan of Bologa, for the conquest of the fortress of Valcău, from Beckh, son of Kopaz, and Ștefan, son of voivode Lorand, which he then handed over to the king. Valcău’s importance grew after the fortress of the same name was erected near the locality, sometime in the second half of the 13th century, after the Mongol invasion of the Kingdom. Several nearby estates, such as Crasna, were attached to Valcău, increasing the role and importance of the new fortification for the new Angevin dynasty, which was looking to consolidate its authority in Transylvania as well. If in the grant document of King Béla IV from 1249, for the royal count Paul, only the Valcău, Zăuan, and Nușfalău estates are mentioned, after almost a century, 22 villages are recorded within the Valcău domain. It is probably the period of maximum importance that the citadel and its related domain enjoyed, before it also became a county center, in the context of the numerous military conflicts during the reign of the kings Béla IV, Stefan V, Ladislau IV the Cuman, Andrew III, and Carol Robert.