The scientific school of Alexander Frumkin, a world-renowned electrochemist born in Chisinau, was at the origin of the electrochemical science in the Republic of Moldova. Research directions, such as high-rate anodic dissolution, plasma electrochemical treatment, electrical methods for mass transfer control, identified as “extreme electrochemistry”, and the electrochemical nanostructuring, have been significantly developed at the national level from both fundamental and applicative viewpoints. Moreover, the European cooperation considerably broadened the opportunities for Moldovan electrochemists in the related areas such as materials science and surface engineering. The present review highlights the main scientific contributions of Moldovan researchers to the world information process related to the above mentioned domains and to the academic–industrial collaboration.