Introduction: This study is dedicated to the ratio between the consumption and stocks, as an important indicator of optimal rational use of drug remedies generally, and antimicrobial ones, in particular, that is not studied enough and highlighted by scientific research literature. At the same time is determined defined daily dose (DDD) and presented the analysis of grampositive and gram-negative pathogenic microbial resistance to antibiotics as an important factor of qualitative treatment of the patients. It was established, that the resistance of pathogenic microbes, in the case of E. coli, is higher to aminopenicillins during cold and not hot period of the year. Matirials & Methods: The evaluation was based upon the drugs consumption data collected and the analysis of gram-positive and gram-negative pathogenic microbial resistance to antibiotics for four years (20092012) by the National Science and Practice Centre of Emergency Medicine (NSPCEM). The methods of statistical, descriptive, mathematical, analytical and logical comparison were used. Results: Were determined an decrease of the drug share in the consumption and stock ratio from 1:0.74 in 2009 to 1:2.03 in 2012, reducing the DDD consumption of antibiotics per 1000 occupied bed/days from 1118 to 840 grams or by 33.09%. The months/risk coefficient in the pharmaceutical supply has decreased from 4.41 to 2.12 or by 2.08 times. The average resistance of gram-negative and gram-positive pathogenic microorganisms in 2012 in comparison with 2010 and 2011 has decreased by 16.8% and 13.58% respectively. Conclusions: For optimization the ratio of drugs reserves and their monthly consumption in pharmacies, it is necessary to develop the project „On norms of the availability of stocks of antibiotics in medical institutions not less than 1.5 times and not more than twice in quantity in comparison with the average monthly consumption based on the DDD/1000 occupied bed/days” and submit it for the approval by the order of MSRM. For improving the quality of study of bacteriological tests it is necessary to develop a statistic program for database and analysis of the collected bio-substances showing the type of pathogenic microbes and the level of their resistance and their dependence on the seasonal temperature.