The Upper Cretaceous continental deposits of southwestern Transylvania have been studied for over a century, providing important information on the composition of land-dwelling vertebrates and the environment they lived in. Alongside the Hațeg Basin and the SW Transilvanyan Basin (Sebeș–Alba area), that yielded numerous vertebrate remains, the Late Cretaceous ecosystems of the Rusca Montană Basin are less known, because of the difficult access to the area and rough terrain. The compressive flora from Rusca Montană, found in the coalbearing deposits excavated close to the village, is, however, the best known from the entire Late Cretaceous of Romania. Palaeontological research re-started in the area added new information on the composition of local palaeoflora, but also led to the discovery of fossil vertebrate remains, not only from the vicinity of Rusca Montană, but also from the eastern extremity of the basin, near Negoiu village. Plant fossil specimens found during personal field research include fossil ferns (Gleichenia sp.), monocots (Sabalites longirachis, Pandanites spinatissimus), and dicots (Araliaephyllum sp., Ettingshausenia onomasta, Dicotylophyllum sp.). Vertebrates found during personal palaeontological prospection in the Rusca Montană Basin include amphibians (?Albanerpeton sp., Paralatonia transylvanica), chelonians (Kallokibotion bajazidi), crocodyliforms (Doratodon carcharidens), theropod dinosaurs („Paronychodon”, „Euronychodon”, and „Richardoestesia” morphotypes), plus various eggshell fragments, insect coprolites, and insect eggs. The new finds are important in providing new elements for the Late Cretaceous floral and faunal taxonomic list of the Rusca Montană Basin, and also for allowing iterbasinal correlation to the other landmasses of the ‘Hațeg Island’.This work was supported by a grant of the Ministry of Research, Innovation and Digitization,CNCS/CCCDI eUEFISCDI, project numberPN-III-P4-ID-PCE-2020-2570, within PNCDI III.