The present essay presents itself as an expansive variant of a paper presented at a conference dedicated to the memory of the well-known Moldavian scholar I.A. Antsupov. In it is reviewed the geopolitical, historical, socio-economic and other aspects of the division in Moldavia during the epoch of the fall of the USSR and the formation on its territory of two independent states - the Republic of Moldova and the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic. The goals and objectives of these newly-founded states, both of which arose simultaneously, differed substantially. While the ruling elite of Moldova strives for the quick destruction of Moldova and unification with the «Motherland», Pridnestovye during the last quarter century has only strengthened and confirmed its statehood since 1990. This cannot not enter hope into the consciousness of the patriots of Moldova that the preservation and strengthening of Moldavian identity still hasn't definitively passed into illusion and unrealized hopes. Moldavian statehood in the form of PMR was literally established on the ruins of the Soviet Union. It has all of the opportunities for rebirth and development despite its political, economic and other difficulties.