Resilience and Vulnerability of the demographic structures during postcommunist Romania. Using informations provided by the last three censuses conducted in Romania, adaptation mechanisms of the demographic structures were analyzed connected to new economic and social realities imposed by the transition to a market economy and a society based on democratic freedom. After the end of classic paradigm of demographic transition, Romania is confronted with a number of trends that induce an obvious vulnerability, particularly in light of the aging of the population, the major effect of population decline installed since 1992. Added phenomenon of international labor force migration, in multiple forms, which completely disrupted classic regional disparities, linked with level of development induced differentiation of the capacity of resilience. The regions inserted in the wake of globalization are in advantage, opposed of regions marked by the rural exodus, deindustrialisation and the international migration. This veritable hemorrhage of vital forces imposed serious long-term effects. The conclusions converged toward the existence of demographics structures adjustment, both territorial and temporal perspective.