As of 1999, with the establishment of the Bologna Reform, which deals with the development of academic mobility of higher education students, a new and progressive phase of increased mobility of higher education students amongst various countries and academic institutions has been underway. In the first years after the Bologna Reform, the change was felt mostly in the European countries that had joined the reform, but nowadays, academic mobility is a worldwide phenomenon in which most of the world's countries actively participate. Countries such as the United States, Canada, Great Britain, Australia, Germany, and certain Asian countries have activated an organizational mechanism which organizes and, especially, cultivates the academic mobility of foreign higher education students into the particular country. This mechanism is funded by the government or through the implementation of an independent business model. Organizations such as UNESCO, the OECD, and the IIE collect data concerning the mobility of international higher education students and make them available online (via Internet) for all to see. In addition, many national organizations that deal with statistics (mostly from countries that serve as academic leaders) present data concerning specific unique movements to particular international organizations. Furthermore, international students of higher education have become an important indicator as per the quality of their education, according to data measure ratings. Considering the ever-increasing importance of international higher education students and their crucial role in the worldwide knowledge economy, it has become a central topic of research for economies worldwide.