A number of important scientific developments that took place in the world in the late 19th and early 20th centuries caused the rational reality to be questioned and doubted. The authority established by the empirical and Newtonian realism understanding of the West was shaken especially by Freud's subconscious reality and Einstein's theory of relativity. In this process, the idea that there is no single and absolute reality based only on positivist and rational minds has begun to dominate. This change towards reality in the West also made itself felt in the art of the novel, and the classical realistic 19th century novel had to be replaced by the modernist novel. Joyce, Woolf, Kafka, Proust, Faulkner etc. The understanding of the modernist novel, which developed under the leadership of these names, found its way in Turkish literature after a while. Especially since the 1950s, a new understanding of fiction has begun to be seen in Turkish novels, in line with a new perception of reality, similar to Western examples. This understanding has developed an avant-garde attitude and new novels have emerged. In this paper, it has been tried to make evaluations about the transition to the modernist novel and simultaneously to the postmodernist process in Turkish literature.