Simple renal cyst wall characteristics as well as the analysis of the cystic liquid peculiarities showed the minor degree of difference depending on the cyst localization, but parapelvical ones demonstrated the highest degree of difference comparing with other localizations. The results of histological study of the simple cyst wall and cytological examination of the cyst liquid do not correlate significantly with the recidives’ rate in postoperative period, underlining the importance of surgical act vis-a-vis morphological characteristics of the operated simple renal cyst.