kidney involvement in diabetes mellitus represents a serious problem both in therapy, endocrinology and urology. It is due to this fact that inflammatory renal and urinary diseases in patients with diabetes mellitus are four times more frequent, that in patients without diabetes mellitus. It is characterized by severe evolution associated with complication of renal failure and urosepsis, being conditioned by postoperative lethality. Development of the severe forms of acute pyelonephritis is caused by late hospital admission, inexact clinical picture, late diagnosis and inappropriate treatment in this group of patients. The combination of these two severe diseases endangers patients’ life. This has made us carry out a retrospective analysis of the collected data and give practical recommendations. The algorithm of the emergent examinations comprises the ultrasound scan, radiologic and radionuclear methods. Ultrasound scan accompanied by use of doplerography and computed tomography has an essential role. Nowadays the most effective method of examination used in diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis in patients with diabetes mellitus is considered to be computed tomography.