A comparative study of anthers response to in vitro culture from 5 barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes was carried out. For androgenesis induction we used 8 pretreatment schemes and 3 initiation nutrient media. Cytological evaluation of anther derived-structure revealed the formation of calli and embryogenic structures, microspore embryogenesis providing a complex morphogenetic pathway, not only dependent on the studied factors, influenced dedifferentiation. On base of histological evaluation a set of restructuring were described, which conducted to embryo differentiation from globular stage; pre-embryonic structures to embryo formation. These reorganizations may be inhibited and stopped at any development stage. The androgenic capacity was found related to accumulation of storage of substances and phenolic compounds. Evaluation of morphological and structural features of morphogenetic structures initiated from barley anthers, proved the complexity of androgenetic process, dependent on the stage of generating microspore dedifferentiation, including pretreatment conditions and the genotype peculiarities.