The concise state of the art in science education in the Republic of Moldova is presented alongside the description of the related environment variables that have an influence on it. The focus is on pre-university science curriculum, which is the basis in preparing students for their next pathways in life, whether they will continue to study science at tertiary level, will become scientists, will use science in a related career, or will apply their science knowledge as non-scientist citizens of the twenty-first century. Over the last twenty years, the school education system in Moldova has undergone a number of changes. The intention of the government was to improve the quality of education and to follow the European recommendations, but in reality, the reforms faced implementation challenges. The paper describes some of these challenges, identifies the issues that need reconsideration, and presents the author’ reflections on the development of the science curriculum.