In the present article, the author meditates not only on the. economic activity in general and its necessity for the existence and evolution of the human being but also on the issues of political economy, the present state of the economy in the Republic of Moldova and the imperious need and ways to modernize it. A number of shortcomings encountered in the development of the national economy in the years of the country 's independence, are emphasized. The author suggests a number of novel and valuable proposals in order to undertake the moderniza­ tion process of economy. Some affirmations and opinions may seem disputable to some extent, that s why the author would like the specialists in the field to express their points of view on the further evolution of the economy of the Republic in order to provide higher and more decent standards of life for the population of ihe country.