IOBC workshop on methods in research on induced resistance - the horticultural plant’s researches for sustainable agriculture of Georgia
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NADIRADZE, Kakha. IOBC workshop on methods in research on induced resistance - the horticultural plant’s researches for sustainable agriculture of Georgia. In: Ecological Chemistry, Ed. 3rd, 20-21 mai 2005, Chişinău. Chișinău, Republica Moldova: Tipografia Academiei de Ştiinţe a Moldovei, 2005, 3rd, pp. 295-296. ISBN 9975-62-133-3.
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Ecological Chemistry
3rd, 2005
Conferința "Ecological Chemistry"
3rd, Chişinău, Moldova, 20-21 mai 2005

IOBC workshop on methods in research on induced resistance - the horticultural plant’s researches for sustainable agriculture of Georgia


Pag. 295-296

Nadiradze Kakha
 
Association for Farmers Rights Defense
 
 
Disponibil în IBN: 7 septembrie 2021


Rezumat

Georgia is a country with an ancient tradition of land cultivation. Approximately 70 percent of the population is engaged in Agricultural sector. Traditionally Georgia has been a net exporter of food products and a major supplier of vegetables, fruit, tea, essential oils, citrus, wine, mineral waters, cognac, canned fruits, and vegetables to the rest of the Soviet Union. In the late 1980’s, the country contributed more than 10 percent of all the inter-republic trade in food and agricultural products, and the value of the Georgian food exports to the rest of the Former Soviet Union exceeded by factor of 1.7 the value of food imports from the Soviet Republics. Agro climate conditions in Georgia are varied for horticultures. Nearly all types of climate, ranging from that of the zone of eternal snows to the humid subtropical zone are found on the comparatively small territory of Georgia. During recent years the supply of agricultural products from Georgia to the FSU republics and international markets has been substantially reduced. The country has lost its position on the export markets and as a result Georgia became a net importer of food products. Of all fruits grown in Georgia, sixteen kinds of commercial value. The varieties of fruits that are grown depend upon natural and economic condition, as well as on the demands of market. Natural and economic conditions in different districts of the Georgia being most varied, a great number of varieties are grown, as this or that variety does not prove to be of equal economic value in all districts. The number of fruit varieties grown in the districts of Georgia is as follows: apples-100 varieties, pears-60, quinces-20, plums-over 30, peaches-about 40, sweet cherries16, red cherries-14, apricots-10, hazel-nuts-15, almonds-15, persimmons-10, figsover 30, etc. Good yields of apples, pears, and etc. comparatively good quality can be harvested only in those parts of Western Georgia where the climate is moderate, namely in Racha-Lechkhumi, some micro regions of Abkhasia, Keda-Khulo, the flat foothills and mountain areas in the eastern part of Imereti, Megrelia and Guria, if proper methods of cultivation are employed. Organic Horticultural farming has become a very popular subject, and our young farmers and students in some districts often visit organic farms or study the fundaments of this production system as an example of sustainable activity and environmental education. Plum-tree stocks. As regards vigor of growth, plum-tree stocks fall into three groups: stocks of vigorous growth, of medium and weak growth or dwarf stocks. For a number of reasons, until quite lately, different varieties of plums were mostly grafted onto vigorous stocks; a very small part of the saplings was grafted on medium stocks; as for dwarf stocks, they began to attract the attention of fruit-growers only about ten years ago, after which kind of stock has been finding a wider and wider application. In future the production of dwarf saplings is to increase considerably. Of these some have been included in the standard assortment: apples-18 varieties, pears –15, quinces-7, plum-9, tqemali plums6, sweet cherries-8, red cherries-4, peaches-20, apricots-5, hazel nuts-9, almonds –4, persimonds-6, and figs –16 varieties. Those acknowledged varieties are of excellent quality, they are well adapted to local conditions, and they are testy and characterized by high technical indices. Varieties selected for inclusion in the assortment of every zone are provided with adequate polineferous varieties, chosen from among standard varieties. Shaping of Plums plant canopy through special method of cultivation, prune and green operations was piloted in 4 provinces of West Georgia with the purpose of increasing plums kernel output. This technology was used to produce 19,000 seedlings of 5 varieties. Plums plantations were started on 23ha with this high quality planting material. Arranging plantations in terraces contributes to combating soil erosion in sloppy areas. The disseminated technology has a potential of increasing revenues from plums farming by 30%. More than 200 farmers, believing in the advantages of the proposed technology, attended seminars delivered by the grant beneficiaries and obtained printed methodological guidelines from them.