Urban air pollution levels are associated with increased cardio-respiratory morbidity and mortality. Plenty of studies show that populations exposed to high levels of air pollution by carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2), formaldehyde and suspended particles experience a decrease in pulmonary and cardiac functions, lung irritation, increased broncho-hyperresponsiveness, inflammatory and immune system changes and increased asthma symptom reporting and medication use. Additionally, excess of CO alters nervous system; it causes headaches, fatigue, drowsiness, respiratory failure and even death. It also reduces the ability of blood to carry oxygen. In the Republic of Moldova the national network of socio-hygienic monitoring is created in order to qualify and quantify the adverse health effects of air pollution (but not only) and to provide the public health community by scientific and policy evidences for the decision-making on risk mitigation measures. Linkage of multiple data sets covering of air quality and human health strengthens the assessment of health effects. However, actual air quality monitoring systems very often are not designed for determination of quantitative characteristics of population exposure to toxic atmospheric admixtures and for the assessment of its consequences for human health. Nevertheless, the attempt to find relationships between individual air pollutants and respiratory and cardiovascular diseases on existing datasets was made. The association between long-term (1981-2002) exposure to ambient air pollution by CO, NO2, SO2, formaldehyde and suspended particles and cardio-respiratory morbidity and mortality in 5 large towns of Moldova was investigated. It was established that lack of more detailed data both on health and air quality don’t allow precise assessing the contribution of air pollutants to cardio-respiratory diseases. It is proposed in dependence on human exposure requirements and expected health effects to determine temporal intervals of measurements and places for sampling.