There are described the results of the study on the state and perspectives of the conservation and development of forests ecosystem in the Republic of Moldova. It is known the general vision: The size of the forest areas has a crucial role in the conservation and sustainable development of the living organisms and their genetic fund. It was done the analysis of some factsheets data on the past and present state of forests ecosystem at global, European and national level, as well as the characteristics of their surface changes in the last decades and some visions of their perspectives. It was elaborated and presented some conclusions and proposals on the development of the forest ecosystem in the Republic of Moldova in accordance with European and international requirements. In order to establish a true forest heritage conservation regime, cardinal efforts are needed to expand the areas of native forests to about 25% of the territory with the radical change of ecological education principles, with public participation in decision making and management in the field.