New sources of cytoplasmic androsterility in the collection of sources from the Republic of Moldova
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58:631.52:633/635(478) (1)
Botanică (1748)
Lucrări agricole (1228)
Cultura plantelor de câmp (1506)
Cultura fructelor (4446)
Plante de grădină. Grădinărit (8066)
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CIOBANU, Valentin, SERDESNIUC, Andrei. New sources of cytoplasmic androsterility in the collection of sources from the Republic of Moldova. In: International Congress of Geneticists and Breeders from the Republic of Moldova, Ed. 11, 15-16 iunie 2021, Chişinău. Chișinău, Republica Moldova: Centrul Editorial-Poligrafic al Universităţii de Stat din Moldova, 2021, Ediția 11, p. 81. ISBN 978-9975-933-56-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.53040/cga11.2021.059
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International Congress of Geneticists and Breeders from the Republic of Moldova
Ediția 11, 2021
Congresul "International Congress of Geneticists and Breeders from the Republic of Moldova"
11, Chişinău, Moldova, 15-16 iunie 2021

New sources of cytoplasmic androsterility in the collection of sources from the Republic of Moldova

DOI:https://doi.org/10.53040/cga11.2021.059
CZU: 58:631.52:633/635(478)

Pag. 81-81

Ciobanu Valentin, Serdesniuc Andrei
 
Institute of Crop Science "Porumbeni"
 
 
Disponibil în IBN: 16 iunie 2021


Rezumat

The problem of implementing in the production of seeds some sources of cytoplasmic androsterility, which would ensure stability in maintaining the sterility of the panicles during the flowering and in different environmental has gained priority in the activity of many breeders in the country. As a result of this activity, 187 sources of androsterility were collected. Many of them were retained from local populations, others were received for research from the collections or by exchanging genetic material of the other profile centers from the former USSR. At the moment, this collection is maintained in Institute of Crop Science “Porumbeni”, which is unique in that most of it (109 out of 187 or 58%) is represented by sources originating from the local germplasm of maize: Moldovenesc (22 sources), Cincantin (9), Hângănesc (7) Portocaliu (3), Cecler (6) and Pignolletto (8) or are derived from them. From other areas of maize cultivation, the most representative are the collections originating in Central and Eastern Europe (24 sources), the Balkan Peninsula and the Mediterranean basin (16), North America (7), the Caucasus Mountains region (7), Asia Middle and Eastern (5). In cross-tests resulting from the combination of sterile plants from the sources of interest, used as a maternal component, with several normal lines, used as a pollinator, 45 sources of androsterility were analyzed. As a result were obtained a positive test for 26 sources. Regarding their origin, it should be mentioned that 9 out of 26 sources originate were from local corn populations. In the phenotypic evaluation of the cross-test, it was observed that the panicle of sterile plants of 5 sources contained sterile anthers derived from flowers, a typical phenomenon for cms-S cytoplasmic sources. In contrast, the phenotypic sterile plants from source K531 were closer to the cytoplasmic sources with sporophytic restoration: cms-T, cms-C. In a series of crosses to find out if they are related sources of cms-M, cms-T or cms-C cytoplasms. The sources of interest were crossed a) as a pollinator, with different sterile lines of cms-M, cms-T and cms-C, to know if they contain dominant Rf for these cytoplasms; and b) as a maternal sterile component with improved lines in MRf, CRf and TRf, which would allow the classification of sources into related groups of androsterile cytoplasm. Finally, the result of this test allows us to find that none of the evaluated sources is a homozygous Rf1Rf2 (cms-T), which would form fertile offspring in all evaluated combinations. Source K1396 could remain dominant for all 3 Rf genes, active in the cmsC cytoplasm, and sources K111, K1205, K1215, K1518, K531, K565-2 and K716 - for 1 or 2 Rf genes. From the point of view of the ability to restore pollen fertility in the cms-M cytoplasm, the series of new sources of cytoplasmic sterility is divided into 2 groups: the group of sources containing dominant alleles for the Rf gene, active in the cms-M cytoplasm (sources K1396, K1518, K1141 and K3600) and sources that have been confirmed as recessive parents for this Rf gene (sources K1205, K1215, K531, K565, K565-2 and K716).