The article is a part of a wider author’s studies dedicated to the Jewish heritage of Moldova, including synagogues. It deals with the history of one of Chişinău synagogues, Gleizer Shil, in the historical perspectives: beginning with clarifying its building date, and till the end of the Soviet period of it’s existence (post-Soviet period study will follow). Gleizer Shil is not the oldest Jewish prayer building in Chişinău but it has the longest almost permanent history of being a Jewish prayer house. It was dedicated in 1911, then almost totally ruined in 1940s, reconstructed by the survived part of the Jewish community after the war, and for decades served as the one and only Jewish prayer house allowed by the Soviet authorities to the Chişinău Jews. The article covers in documents the constructive and architectural details and synagogue’s exterior and interior appearance. Besides, it deals with the ethnological aspects such as local Jewish liturgy specifics, and authorities’ attitude towards the Jewish religious and community life in different historical periods.