Literature is not just a matter of aesthetics, it also involves social and political issues. That is why Black African literature is deeply linked to the evolutin of the continent. The first step was the arising of the concept of « blackness » (négritude) which would affirm the identity of Black culture. Seen by Senghor as an inheritage that has to be fructified, it is considered by Césaire as a real strategy to fight against colonialism. Later on, Fanon will state that no liberation process is possible without violence. Postcolonialism literature is mainly about questioning African identity but it has eventually to face a situation where African people remain dominated, the rulers being now African autocrats.