The article contains a detailed analysis of the current situation in the Republic of Moldova regarding the implementation of the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Trends in the field of CSR actions within companies in the country are also analysed. The research has an essential role in understanding the mechanisms and role of responsible behaviour of economic units in the Republic of Moldova in contemporary society, the latter generating a competitive advantage locally, regionally, nationally, and the capacity for economic regeneration and revitalization. A special role, in this paper, belongs to the description of own methodologies proposed by the author of the article, in order to determine the overall performance of companies, which contains the analysis of the economic, social and environmental dimensions of economic units. Subsequently, this methodology was verified through an empirical study conducted in a number of enterprises in the country and served to determine the particularities of social and environmental actions carried out by enterprises in the Republic of Moldova, to establish their overall performance and to assess their level of sustainability. The analysis presents arguments regarding the fact that there are multiple problems at the macro level in order to align with the SDGs, and the economic units, returning to them, play an important role in this approach.