The Plant Production Institute named after V.Ya. Yuriev of NAAS of Ukraine conducted studies to determine the type of gene interaction, heterosis degree and heritability coefficient h2 for performance inheritance in F1 barley in 2015–2017. Two-row cultivars of different eco-geographical origin were taken as starting material for crossing. Naked cultivars were female forms, and chaffy ones – male forms. Crossings were carried out as topcrosses. The statistical significance of the differences was evaluated by analysis of variance (ANOVA); post hoc comparison was performed using Homogeneous groups and Fisher’s LSD. The dominance degree and surplus in the F1’s performance over the parents according to true heterosis were determined. As a result, we found that heterosis was manifested most often for the ‘grain weight spike’ trait. This trait was characterized by high heritability; therefore, it is advisable to be guided by the level of its expression in breeding for performance. Promising crossing combinations were distinguished due to the prevailing number of heterotic traits to produce high-performance hybrid plants.