This paper presents an analysis of the risks of using the incubator for newborns. In order to use the incubator safely, we must evaluate the risks related to its use, to identify how the patient will be influenced in different circumstances. For evaluation, the criteria have been established that can directly or indirectly influence the quality of the medical act as well as the safety of the user and the patient, the criteria are such as: the age of the medical devices, the degree of use, the people in charge of preventive maintenance, the type of preventive maintenance, the number of users who operate the medical equipment. The basic causes of the occurrence of the incidents are the technical defects, their faulty and incomplete calibration, the lack of preventive maintenance as well as the effects of the human factor on this process.