The capabilities of all administrative system, and in speciality of local public administration, depend on the society which may be relatively stable, or in the process of transition to democracy, in the process of reorganization, reform or modernization. Depending on stage of those processes, events and changes, were established the public policies, which build the value substance of the public interest. The article involves an analysis of the structural delimitations of the public interest and the decision-making process in the context of modernization of local public administration. The author determines and highlights the components of these two variables, demonstrating their value and impact, which in their complexity contribute to build efficiency for local public administration and modernization the entire administrative system.