Active carbons (carbon absorbents) facilitate the concept of stable development, allowing
of resolving a wide range of issuesconcerning biosphere protection and rehabilitation. Their
production level in various industrially developed countries is stably growing and can be
characterized by the constant annual increase of 5%.
Resolving environmental problems of agricultural sector, active carbons have the
following advantages:universality of sorption properties, selective absorption of organic toxins,
high sportive capacity, hydrophobic behavior, handful preparation forms (grains and powder) ,
low prices; these properties allow of their application in the sphere of veterinary for animal
fodder detoxication, animal treatment and in agro technologies –for soil detoxication and presowing
seed treatment in biotechnologies in the sphere of tissue culture –to obtain
androclinicand somaclonal plants and so on.
Today RF government puts a question of residue utilization, especially, plant residues
into economically important materials. That is why the topicality of this works is based on the
primary goals of Russian economy. The major parts of renewable raw material sources in Russia
and in the whole world are in the sphere of agriculture. Russian manufacturers process only 28%
of agricultural residues, which is 3 times lower than the same index in EU. In particular, straw
accumulation mass of cereal and grain crops in Russia amounts to 80-100 billion tonsper year.
Each new direction of agricultural crops processing to obtain useful products for various
purposes is of great scientific and practical importance, helping to enlarge the range of initial
carbon sources for active carbon obtainment.
The feature of novelty of the work is characterized by the fact that for the first time
manufacturing technologies of active carbon obtainment will be developed, with the active
carbon based on straw processing of various agricultural crops (including cruciferous oil crops)
as promising resources of forming carbon obtaining materials. The research of their nano
structural organization has also been conducted, some promising directions have been
determined for their application in the sphere of agriculture for the further environmentalization
of agricultural sector and resolving a range of tasks in the sphere of agricultural production and
facilitating the processes of environment protection (remediation of the soils, pre-sowing seed
treatment, breeding, biotechnologies of tissue culture, animal fodder detoxication, animal
treatment) with the toxicological evaluation of the researches also accomplished.
As a result of the conducted works, a domestic technology of nano structural active
carbons with the western patterns of micro porous structure will be developed, with the
properties being in a high demand in RF agricultural sector and in the sphere of environment
protection, as highly efficient environmentally safe technologies of soil improvement, presowing
seed treatment, in vitro biotechnology of androclinicand somaclonal plants obtainment,
animal mixed fodder detoxication.