Introduction
The variety of ecotoxicants in objects of environment represents the
special danger first of all due to unpredictability of processes proceeding
in such systems at simultaneous presence of great number of ecotoxicants.
The existing approaches and technologies do not provide required degree of
decontamination. Among the most perspective directions in this respect special

attention is involved the approaches based on formation of functional groups on
a surface of disperse materials with wide functionalities. The formation of such
functional groups leads to improvement structural – sorption characteristics of
sorbents, however does not provide achievement of required parameters and,
main, their selectivity.
In view of the representations, advanced earlier by us, about determining
role of freely radical structures and also their high reactivity even in case of
stabilization of located in pores radical pairs, it is possible to assume, that the
formation of functional groups in surface layer of dispersed materials in active
state will allow to obtain sorbents with high completely unusual or abnormal
properties.
Result and discussion
Formation of paramagnetic centers (PC) (Fig. 1) in carbon matrix at low
temperature (350оС) heat treatment with maximum at 300-340оС tend to
anomaly, namely, to increase of sorption capacity in 3-5 times in comparison
with samples obtained under other conditions of heat treatment. Static
exchange capacity (SEC) thus also is increased up to sizes 3,8-3,9, and ΔЕ
(potential) reaches sizes about 68-700 мВ. The abnormal characteristics
of obtained sorbents as it is seen from Fig. 1 influence essentially on their
sorption properties - so, oil capacity of carbon sorbents is increased in 3-4
times in comparison with samples which are not containing in structure the
active centers.

cardinally influences on proceeding there physical-chemical processes. It is
important that the nature of active centre is not the basic factor influencing
on sorption property, of importance is the fact of presence of active centers.
Confirmation to this is the fact that the presence in surface layer of carbon
materials of the active centers as ions of biometals provides to such materials
abnormal sorption ability even towards such especially dangerous viruses
as cholera vibrio and simultaneously their complete inactivation in very short
time.
However most interesting and attractive is other situation, namely - not
inactivation, but activation of viruses and pathogenic microorganisms, which is
observed at very small concentration of biometals in surface layer of disperse
metals, i.e. at concentration, when the ions of biometals are in nanocluster
state.
It follows that the state of ions of biometals in surface layer of disperse
materials is the factor determining behavior of viruses and microorganisms,
and also specificity of catalytic transformations in surface layer of disperse
sorbents. So, the finding - out of interrelation between a structural state of
nanoclusters of biometals and their biological activity is paramount for today,
as the understanding of this interrelation opens completely new opportunities in
development of the new approaches and technologies of especially dangerous
viruses control, such as a chicken influenza, AIDS etc.
The reasons of display of biocatalytic activity were analyzed and it was
shown, that the carbon biocatalysts have high selectivity and activity in reactions
of: oxidations of hydrogen and CO, biodestruction of liquid hydrocarbons with
participation natural microbiota, sorption-catalytic purification of fuel from sulfur,
extraction of ions of heavy metals from solutions of complex composition,
inactivation of pathogenic microflora and particularly dangerous viruses,
phytosorption decontamination of soils from radionuclides (Table 1).

Conclusions
The structural state of nanoclusters of biometals in surface layer is the basic
determining factor of biological activity and catalytic ability of disperse sorbents.