The progressive aging of the population, a sharp increase in low-income, a progressive increase in social vices (alcoholism, drug addiction etc.), and a chronic shortage of funds, leading to a lack of funding in the medicine. The search for solutions of these problems is the crucial point for all countries, including developed ones. Poverty dramatically reduces availability of funds even for vital medical services. Development of mechanisms designed to reduce costs for certain medical services, increase the ratio of price, changing behavioral attitude of the population towards a healthy lifestyle are the main challenges that confront a health care in many countries is. The shift of responsibility for public health from the medical staff to the patient, is designed to raise the level of public health and to reduce costs for the purchase of medical services. To become more effective the shift of this responsibility should be fi xed by law. The mechanisms for the insurance health liability for the lifestyle should be increased. In order to increase the responsibility for maintaining the population health the use of so-called “tax on vices” and co-payments for medical services should be introduced, too. The health service system should be oriented to the resource serving technologies.