The world population has exceeded 7 billion people and is forecasted to reach beyond 11 billion by 2100. It is estimated that to feed a growing population, we will need to increase the food supply by 60 to 70 percent by 2050, which is why we need to use all possible technologies to boost agricultural production while reducing the environmental impact. Annual crop loss to pests alone account for 20–40% of the global crop losses. Conventional agriculture is associated with problems of pest’s control and pesticide accumulations. Genetic modification, as area of biotechnology, concerns with the manipulation of the genetic material in living organisms and oriented to mitigate several current challenges in agriculture. Despite the above controversies being proven unfounded, GM crops are linked with potential health risks and genetic hazards associated to them. The main critical questions about the new traits is the extent to which will contribute to feeding the world in the future. The investment in these emerging genetic-engineering technologies and in a variety of other approaches should be made, because it will be critical for decreasing the risk of global and local food shortages. This paper presents the conceptual vision, concerns and the future trends, highlighting the crucial role of ecological agriculture both in environmental protection, as well as social and economic sectors. Are presented both theoretical foundations and practical applications and described the results oriented for implementation and functionality of organic farming in Republic of Moldova.