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<creators>
<creator>
<creatorName>Schuurmann, G.</creatorName>
<affiliation>Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH – UFZ, Germania</affiliation>
</creator>
</creators>
<titles>
<title xml:lang='en'>Predictive assessment of the human and environmental toxicity of chemical substances</title>
</titles>
<publisher>Instrumentul Bibliometric National</publisher>
<publicationYear>2017</publicationYear>
<relatedIdentifier relatedIdentifierType='ISBN' relationType='IsPartOf'></relatedIdentifier>
<dates>
<date dateType='Issued'>2017</date>
</dates>
<resourceType resourceTypeGeneral='Text'>Conference Paper</resourceType>
<descriptions>
<description xml:lang='en' descriptionType='Abstract'><p>Through the European Directive REACH in 2007, alternative methods have gained increased importance as non-animal tools for the toxicological assessment of chemical compounds. In this context, the 3R principle of reducing, refining and replacing animal testing has resulted in a paradigm shift toward integrated testing strategies (ITS) that aim at exploiting the combined information generated from several non-animal methods in order to &ndash; partly or fully &ndash; replace a given animal experiment. In the presentation, respective non-test (in silico) and test (in chemico, in vitro) methods are outlined for industrial chemicals and pharmaceuticals, focussing on chemoassays,1 read-across,2 structural alerts,3 computational chemistry,4 and chemoavailability5 for predicting reactive toxicity and metabolic acti-vation through P450 catalysis.</p></description>
</descriptions>
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<format>application/pdf</format>
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</resource>