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SM ISO690:2012 VENGHER, Liliana, CATRINICI, Rodica. Modern approaches in preventing the transmission of HIV/AIDS to the fetus. In: Revista de Ştiinţe ale Sănătăţii din Moldova, 2022, nr. 3 An.1(29), p. 439. ISSN 2345-1467. |
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Revista de Ştiinţe ale Sănătăţii din Moldova | ||||||
Numărul 3 An.1(29) / 2022 / ISSN 2345-1467 | ||||||
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Pag. 439-439 | ||||||
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Background. Infection in women of reproductive age increases the risk of transmission HIV from mother-to-child, which can occur intrauterine, intrapartum and during breastfeeding. A major role in preventing the spread of the virus is maternal HIV screening and early initiation of ART. Objective of the study. Evaluation of diagnostic and treatment methods of HIV infection in pregnant women, highlighting the main strategies in order to reduce the risk of maternalfetal transmission. Material and Methods. To identify relevant articles, ScienceDirect, Medscape, PubMed databases were searched, using the keywords: „HIV”, „AIDS”, „diagnosis of HIV”, „ART”, „cesarean delivery”, „artificial feeding”. Results. HIV diagnosis is based on laboratory tests: ELISA, Western blot, P24 antigen, PCR, 4th generation tests, rapid test. In addition, it is necessary to control complete blood count, liver and kidney function tests, the CD4 lymphocyte count. The antiretroviral drugs recommended for pregnant women are tenofovir, lamivudine, efavirenz. The treatment of newborn consists of 4 weeks of zidovudine if the risk is low, or 6 weeks of zidovudine with 3 doses of nevirapine if the risk is high. Perinatal transmission can be prevented by providing ART, avoiding invasive obstetric interventions and prioritizing cesarean delivery, artificial feeding of the newborn. Conclusions. HIV/AIDS in pregnancy is extremely dangerous due to the increased risk of vertical transmission that is why HIV testing remains the main priority. It is essential to diagnose, assess the severity of the disease, and adopt the relevant management. |
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Cuvinte-cheie HIV, AIDS, diagnosis of HIV, art, cesarean delivery, artificial feeding, HIV, SIDA, diagnostic HIV, TARV, cezariană, alimentație artificială |
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