The research aimed to assess the need to determine the contribution of the epigenetic inheritance on the primary resistance of wheat genotypes at high temperatures and frost. Since the summary resistance of plants to extreme temperatures concomitantly is influenced by the genetic and epigenetic inheritance, the problem was to determine the interdependence of their influence, which is necessary for optimizing the methods of selection promoting genotypes that best correspond to the specific environmental conditions. We used in the studies seeds of 10 varieties, and 40 lines of hexaploid wheat multiplied in the Kharkiv region of Ukraine and the Chisinau area of Moldova. The seeds of different wheat genotypes were shocked by negative temperatures (SNT) or heat (HS) and then determined their influence on the germination percentage. The average rate of seeds germination, standard deviation, and the mathematical expectation of the mean of the response of wheat genotypes to SNT or HS, was determined. Thus, the influence of seed reproduction conditions on resistance to HS or SNT was appreciated, thus determining the impact of epigenetic inheritance on the primary resistance to extreme temperatures. The seeds' resistance to HS and SNT is specific for different wheat varieties and depends on seed reproduction conditions. Their level of influence can be different depending on the climatic conditions of seed reproduction. In our experiments, the reactions were not influenced by the complex mechanisms of avoiding the action of stressors, phenomena that have mainly been taken into account in the amelioration of wheat in recent decades. We consider that the assessment of the primary resistance of wheat genotypes offers new possibilities for determining genetic and epigenetic inheritance interference on wheat genotypes' resistance to frost or heat. The meteorological conditions in a specific area can vary from year to year and induce adaptations transmitted to the next generation. Conclusions: 1. Wheat varieties can be differentiated in accelerated mode after their primary resistance to extreme temperatures by exposing them to HS or SNT of well-prepared germination seeds. 2. Resistance of different wheat genotypes seeds to HS or SNT can vary, being influenced by the environmental conditions of their reproduction.