The psychology of motherhood is one of the most complex and less studied fields of contemporary psychology. The relevance of his study is dictated by the contradiction between the seriousness of the demographic problems associated with the decrease of fertility, a huge number of families in disintegration, with an increase in the number of cases of child abuse and of the social and psychological assistance programs for the family. Maternity is studied in the context of different sciences: history, culturology, medicine, physiology, behavioral biology, sociology, psychology. But the research of the emotional sphere of women in relation to motherhood / pregnancy / childbirth, the psychological preparation for motherhood still remains a little researched area. The importance of maternal behavior for the development of the child, its complex structure, the cultural specificity and the individuality of each woman, allows us to talk about motherhood as an independent, current and necessary concept to be approached from the scientific perspective. The relevance of a psychological approach to the study of motherhood is supported by the fact that, notwithstanding the modern achievements in medicine, physiology, gynecology and obstetrics, the increase of the scientific-technical level of obstetric care and neonatal practices, the psychological problems of maternity and childhood are not diminished. On the contrary, there is an alarming increase in the number of pre- and post-natal births, requests for psychological counseling in the context of motherhood. However, attempts were made to study motherhood from different perspectives: different aspects, schools and psychological orientations. Therefore, different aspects of maternal - behavior are addressed by different branches of psychology: personality psychology, child psychology, educational psychology, health psychology, etc. However, as a subject of research, motherhood began to be studied after the second half of the XXth century. Therefore, in the 1990s, in Russian psychology, a scientific direction appeared - "the psychology of motherhood" (G. G. Filippova). In this area, motherhood is seen as “part of the sphere of woman's personality - a structural neoformation that includes needs, values, motives and ways of implementing them”. Different authors have approached maternity in ontogeny differently, but the variety of opinions has generated possibilities for explaining maternal attitude and behavior. Another perspective of motherhood speaks of one of the most important stages in the formation of motherhood: the period of pregnancy, whose content is determined by the changes in the woman's self-awareness, which aims at adopting a new social role and creating a feeling of attachment towards the child. Not less important is the period after birth, during which time the psychological acceptance of the child as an independent personality and adaptation to it takes place. Changes in the emotional life of the mother lead to changes in family relationships, so that each pregnancy is accompanied by a normative crisis of the woman, the family and ends with the adoption of a new member.