This article discusses the role of the Bessarabian Gubernial Zemstvo in the formation and development of the zemstvo school of paramedics and midwives. In addition, the study examines the participation of the Russian population in the activities of this educational institution. On December 8, 1870, the report of the Zemstvo Regional Uprava on the opening of schools for the education of paramedics at the Chișinău Regional Zemstvo Hospital was read out, but it became possible to open the school only in September 1872. It was decided that young people from 16 to 25 years old and women from 20 to 40 years old could enter school. The school taught such subjects as obstetrics, anatomy, desmurgy, Latin and Russian languages, pharmacy, the Law of God, arithmetic, practical obstetrics, practical surgery, teaching about children’s diseases, pharmacology, the doctrine of syphilis. Medical subjects were taught by professional doctors. In addition to theoretical studies, students were divided into groups with the aim of undergoing medical practice in a pharmacy or in a maternity shelter.