Introduction Solanum tuberosum (potato) is the world`s fourth most important food crop after rice, wheat and maize. Potatoes were fi rst introduced outside the Andes four centuries ago, and it is estimated that by the year 2020 over two billion people will depend on it for food, feed, or income. The potato genome consists of 12 chromosomes and has a (haploid) length of approximately 840 Mbp, making it a medium-sized plant genome. Potato is the fi rst Solanaceae genome to be sequenced [2]. China is the global leader in potato production with almost 85920000 tons in 2012. India is the second largest sput producer and the fhird palce is taken by USA [3]. According to the latest FAOSTAT data, Republic of Moldova occupied the 29th place among the Europe`s countries producers by about 182033 tons in 2012 and the 21st position for area harvested by about 24320 ha [4]. The potato production losses can be caused by diseases and pests, by drought and high prices of agricultural equipment, fertilizers, pesticides and fuels. For a successful breeding and improvement program, the knowledge of the genetic variability play a vital role. Evaluation of genetic divergence is important to know the source of genes for a particular trait within the available germplasm. Material and methods The study will be carried out in 2014 at the Center of Molecular Biology, UnASM. As a biological material we shall used by about 40 varieties of potatoes. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the genetic diversity by about 40 potato cultivars that are available to potato growers in Republic of Moldova, and to develop a molecular profi le using RAPD markers. Results and discussions The cultivar identifi cation using RAPD markers is well-documented in studies of molecular characterization [1]. Potato cultivars will be differentiated with ten RAPD primers (OPA02, OPA09, OPB01, OPB03, OPB10, OPE17, OPG05, OPG06, OPG10 and OPK17). In several articles these primers were selected being based on the quality and repeatability of the amplifi ed bands. After establishing of primers which generate polymorphism, they will be used for analysis of all potato varieties. Conclusions The evaluation of genetic divergence h as a major importance in order  to know the source of genes of potato in Moldova. RAPD technique can be useful for allowing us to distinguish closely related individs or different populations of potatoes and provide suffi cient evidence in the shape of numbers of polymorphic markers for variety identifi cation.